Exploring the lived experiences of patients with liver cirrhosis: A phenomenological study from Pakistan.

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the lived experiences of cirrhotic patients in Pakistan, with an emphasis on their physical, emotional, social, and spiritual struggles, while also analyzing the coping strategies they adopt to navigate and manage their condition. Study Design: Qualitative Phenomenological study. Setting: The study took place at the Liver Transplant Department of Pir Abdul Qadir Shah Institute of Medical Sciences, Gambat, Pakistan. Period: May and June 2024. Methods: Involving eight purposively selected patients diagnosed with Child-Pugh class C liver cirrhosis. Data collection occurred through in-depth, semi-structured interviews. The interviews were analyzed using Colaizzi’s seven-step method, and thematic analysis was utilized to uncover key themes reflecting the patients’ experiences. Results: Six major themes and 13 sub-themes were identified. Patients initially experienced shock and disbelief upon diagnosis. Physical challenges included fatigue, weakness, chronic pain, and cognitive decline. Emotional distress was characterized by fear, anxiety, and depression, while family support emerged as a critical coping mechanism. Social withdrawal and isolation were common, driven by stigma and physical limitations. Many patients relied on religious beliefs for strength, while some struggled with feelings of hopelessness. Healthcare experiences varied, with some reporting satisfaction and others highlighting barriers such as financial constraints and limited access to specialized care. Conclusion: Patients with liver cirrhosis face significant physical, emotional, and social burdens, often alleviated by familial and religious support. Healthcare professionals should integrate psychosocial interventions and family-centered education programs to enhance patient well-being. Addressing financial and accessibility barriers is also crucial in improving such patients care.