Short-Term outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention versus coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with significant left main coronary artery disease.

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the short-term results of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with severe left main coronary artery disease (LMCAD). Study Design: Prospective Cohort study. Setting: Department of Cardiology and in association with the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Punjab Institute of Cardiology (PIC), Lahore. Period: 2^nd October, 2025 to 2^nd March, 2026. Methods: Three hundred patients having considerable LMCAD of either sex were enrolled in this study. After informed consent, patients were equally allocated into two groups: 1) PCI and 2) CABG. The short-term Major Adverse Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Events (MACCEs) were assessed at 3-month follow-up in both groups. Chi-square test was used to compare the outcome variables of both groups. A p-value of ≤0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean age of the study population was 62.11 ± 12.92 years, with 81.7% being male. Both groups were comparable in terms of demographic and co-morbid conditions, with statistically insignificant differences. PCI groups experienced more MACCEs overall, but it was statistically non-significant (32% PCI vs 22% CABG; p >0.05). Mortality was also found to be lower in the CABG group (14.7% vs 10%; p-value=0.219). Conclusion: This study concluded that in patients with LMCAD, there were statistically insignificant differences in the occurrence of short-term MACCEs.