Frequency of posterior segment abnormalities detected by b-scan ultrasonography in patients with dense cataracts.

Abstract

Objective: To determine the frequency and types of posterior segment abnormalities detected by B-scan ultrasonography in patients with dense cataracts and to assess their association with demographic and clinical factors. Study Design: Descriptive Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Ophthalmology, L.R.B.T Eye Hospital, Multan Road. Period: over six months 22 June 2025 to 22 Dec 2025. Methods: was conducted on 194 patients aged 40–80 years with dense cataracts (LOCS III grade ≥4) B-scan ultrasonography was performed to detect posterior segment abnormalities. Data on age, gender, comorbidities, and cataract grade were collected. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.0, with the Chi-square test applied to evaluate associations (p < 0.05 considered significant). Results: Among 194 patients, 35 eyes (18.0%) exhibited posterior segment abnormalities, while 159 eyes (82.0%) were normal. The most common abnormalities included vitreous hemorrhage (5.2%), retinal detachment (3.1%), and vitritis (2.1%). The prevalence of abnormalities significantly increased with age (p = 0.022), diabetes mellitus (p = 0.042), and higher cataract grade (LOCS III grade 5, p = 0.020). Gender (p = 0.963) and hypertension (p = 0.582) were not significantly associated with posterior segment abnormalities. Conclusion: For patients with dense cataracts, B-scan ultrasonography is an essential tool for identifying posterior segment abnormalities. These abnormalities are significantly predicted by older age, diabetes mellitus, and higher cataract grade, highlighting the significance of preoperative evaluation to maximize surgical planning and visual outcomes.